Advertisement, Good or Not Essay

Advertisement is news or a message that is made for persuade or influenced people to be interested in the product or service that a company offers. It means that every ad must be persuasive. There are many kinds of ads; based on its nature of advertisement, it is divide into Commerce ads and Non-commerce ads. Commerce ads made for influencing people in order to have, buy and use the product that has been advertised. On the other hand non-commerce ads made to get people’s attention so they will be sympathetic or give a support to the ads. In the daily life people often see an advertisement; in television, in news paper, in internet, in radio and at the road, posted on billboard. The advertisement will influence people’s behavior and physicology, because people’s culture and life style are based on what they have seen and feel then they will implement it in their daily life. In this case, modern people’s life will be influenced by the information that they get in their daily life. By watching and hearing an advertisement, people will get two sides of effect, they are disavantages and advantages. The effect that people get is based on how people respond to the advertisement, and if people dont want to get the disadvantageous side of advertisement, they have to know how to respond to it. The main function of the ads is to promote a product in order to look more interesting and able to get consumer’s attention. There are many ways that company do to get the consumer’s attention through an ads, like in a humorous , strange , controversial way, etc. However many ads do not only want to promote their products but also want to give some moral message to people so that it can useful to people’s life. For example, cigarette advertising â€Å"Gudang Garam†. It show that a scholar who is able to be a motorist taxi only. He is constantly humiliated by the other motorcycle taxi riders because of his bachelor’s degree. His unfortunate fate changes when his only one motorcycyle is stolen. He feels regretful and curses his bad luck. But, because that accident, he has an idea to make an alarm for motorcycle and after that he become a succesful entrepreneur. The moral message that we get is â€Å"Never give up on situation, make a mockery as our motivation, and believe that there must be a good lesson in every difficulty. Another function of ads is to educate people. How could an ads educate people? That’s because every has a story that could be a lesson to people in their life. For example, Tea advertising â€Å"sariwangi †. It tells story about the wife who wants to ask her husband to repair their roof, but she doesn’t want to disturb her husband. Finally she asks her husband softly and she also gives her husband a cup of warm tea in order to warm up the situation. The message conveyed in this ad is â€Å"a wife should know her husband the condition before asking something so that their family will always be harmonious. From both ads, we can see that there are no factors that could ruin children’s moral or the factor that could influence people to do something bad. On the other hand, both ads contain a lot of factors of entertainment and education, and they also give a lot of useful moral message to people’s life. There are some ads that advertise product excessively. That ads can manipulate public taste and public minds. For example, body lotion advertisement. In that ads, the price of the product is not stated clearly. In fact it is only showing the beauty of its white model’s body that shows women will look more beautiful if they have flawless white skin after using this product. Its tagline also influences people to buy something useless and force them to think that such a product is a primary need. The woman who feel pretty with her brown skin, now they feel ugly because they don’t flawless white skin. If the women still cannot get what the color of skin that they want, they will buy the product again and again untill they feel they have the best color of skin thinking about the effect. This ads shows that a bad ads can make someone consumptive and imitate the action from the ads. An ads doesn’t have to be erased or eliminated from human live. As people who consume an ads in almost every activity, people have an obligation to choose and sort some ads which are good or not for themselves, think rationally to every sugesstion from the ads and improve the intrepretation of the ads in which every action in the ads is not always the sama as the real life. In short, any ads showed by some companies can be concluded as a bad ads or good ads based on how to responed to it. The ads can be good to someone but may not to others. Therefore, people have to respond to it wisely. People have to assume that an ads is just a media to promote a product and there is not a ‘MUST’ buy the product. People cannot only the good ads but also can refuse the bad ones.

The George Lopez Show

The show stars George Lopez as manager of Powers Brothers Aviation (originally Powers & Sons Aviation), an airplane parts factory. He is married to Angie Palmero (Constance Marie) and has two outgoing children, Max and Carmen (Luis Armand Garcia and Masiela Lusha). They all live together in Los Angeles, California. George had a difficult childhood. He was abandoned by his father, Manny, and further mistreated and traumatized by a careless, abusive, chain smoking, alcoholic mother, Benita â€Å"Benny† Lopez (Belita Moreno). She usually criticizes Angie's cooking and parenting skills.George and Benny's adult relationship mainly consists of the two of them trading insults about each other, mainly referring to George's childhood (one example being how George was forced to eat a chair because Benny did not feed him). They appear to care for each other, and George has admitted his feelings for Benny in some episodes. Benny works at Powers Brothers Aviation, as does George's best friend, Ernesto â€Å"Ernie† Cardenas (Valente Rodriguez), who is mostly luckless in the dating arena and still lives with his mother. George's father-in-law, Dr.Victor â€Å"Vic† Palmero (Emiliano Diez), thinks Angie should have married someone better than George, but as the series progresses, he begins to respect and accept him. George always tries to catch his children getting in trouble when they misbehave, whether it be by confronting them straight on, or sneakily investigating, then punishing them later. It is still always shown that George loves and cares deeply for his family, even though in one episode he said that his kids were definitely in the top 5, and he would sometimes insult Angie.

The effects of heredity and environment on learning

Between heredity and environment, which one contributes a greater influence to larn? This is a inquiry that has led to lift of nature versus raising argument all over the universe. As the eternal argument goes on, instructors and parents should retrieve that familial factors set the bound of a given trait ( e.g. intelligence ) but the environment determines how much the possible can be realized as Ngaroga ( 2003 ) stated. It is hence necessary for both instructors and parents to ship much on proviso of a rich and stimulating environment to their kids so as to maximise their rational abilities every bit long as acquisition is concerned.Definition of FootingsLearningMyers ( 2001 ) defined larning as comparatively lasting alteration in being ‘s behavior due to see. Ngaroga ( 2003 ) defined larning as a comparatively lasting alteration in behaviour which comes as a consequence of pattern of an activity. Blair-Broeker ( 2003 ) defined larning as a comparatively lasting alteration in behaviour due to see.HeredityIngule, Rono and Ndambuki ( 1996 ) defined heredity as kid ‘s single heritage from his hereditary line.IntelligenceHarmonizing to Coon ( 2000 ) intelligence is an overall capacity to believe rationally, move purposefully and cover efficaciously with the environment.StimulationHarmonizing to Ormrod ( 2009 ) stimulation is thirstily interacting with 1s physical and societal environment.Question 1: Explain how heredity and environment influence acquisitionEffectss of Heredity on LearningHarmonizing to Ormorod ( 2009 ) Heredity influences acquisition because: – It lays the foundation for the rational potency or ability of an person. Each single inherits different types of intelligences from their parents. Some inherit analytical intelligence others prowess in originative intelligence and practical intelligences. Parents and instructors should therefore observe and place their kids ‘s possible spheres, raising and develop them. It determines ripening which is a factor impacting acquisition. Unfolding of genetically directed alterations as the kid develops for illustration basic motor accomplishments e.g. walking, running and leaping emerge chiefly as a consequence of neurological ( encephalon ) development, increased strength and increased muscular control alterations that are mostly determined by familial biological instructions. It determines personality e.g. disposition. Children seem to hold distinguishable dispositions about from birth. Disposition of an single dictates general activity degree, adaptability, continuity, venturesomeness, shyness, inhibitedness, crossness and distractibility. Temperament greatly affects acquisition. Ngaroga ( 2003 ) stated that familial factors set the bound of a given trait ( e.g. intelligence ) but the environment determines how much the possible can be realized. Ngaroga ( 2003 ) besides stated that mental deceleration during pre-natal period can be caused by heredity factors. Mentally retarded scholars have jobs in all academic countries and have short attending span. Ngaroga ( 2003 ) added that heredity factors such as albinism and color sightlessness may take to loss of sight which plays a really of import function in larning. Loss of sight can extremely impact larning. 1 Myers ( 2001 ) wrote that heredity contributes 50 to 70 per cent intelligence within a group of people. It is intelligence that determines the ability to larn. 2Effectss of Environment on LearningHarmonizing to Myers ( 2001 ) , Research surveies that compare kids reared in inattentive environments including those associated with poorness and malnutrition with those who have been reared in normal environments point to impact of environmental experiences on intelligence tonss. Findingss sing Head start and other pre-school plans indicate that high-quality plans can bring forth short-run cognitive additions and long-run positive effects. Recent surveies besides provide grounds that schooling and intelligence have a positive mutual consequence on each other. Ngaroga ( 2003 ) wrote that unequal nutrition to female parents and kids e.g. deficiency of equal Vitamin A can take to loss of sight. This can easy minimise larning result. Similarly, Ormorod ( 2009 ) wrote that environment affects IQ of an single e.g. traveling a kid from a inattentive, impoverished place environment to a more nurturing, exciting one ( e.g. through acceptance ) can ensue in IQ additions of 15 point or more. 3Question 2: Discuss how instructors and parents can supply a rich and exciting larning environment to their kidsOrmorod ( 2009 ) defined â€Å" a rich and exciting larning environment † as the environment that makes a learner tidal bore in interacting with his physical and societal environment. She groups larning environment into two classs: – Physical acquisition environment set up Psychological environment She gives the undermentioned general suggestions in proviso of strategic, rich and exciting learning environment.Communicating credence, attention and regard for every pupil.Human existences seem to hold cardinal demand to experience socially connected with others. Teachers can assist run into pupils ‘ demand for relatedness by showing, through many small things they do, that they care about and respect pupils as people. Effective communicating creates a bipartisan duologue diary in which pupils express their ideas and feeling, ask inquiries and petition aid.Making a goal-oriented businesslike ( but nonthreatening ) atmosphere.Although caring relationships with pupils are indispensable, instructors and pupils likewise must acknowledge that they are at school to acquire certain things accomplished. Consequently, a comparatively concern atmosphere should predominate in the schoolroom most of the clip. This is non to state that schoolroom activities must be deadening and boring. O n contrary, they should be interesting and piquant, and they can sometimes even be exciting. Entertainment and exhilaration should non be thought of as ends in and of themselves, nevertheless. Rather, they are means to a more of import end: mastering academic capable affair. Learning environment should ne'er be uncomfortable or threatening. 4Making a sense of community and belongingnessA acquisition environment in which the instructor and pupils systematically work together easy assist one another learn.ultimately instructor should besides make a sense of community in the learning environment-a sense that they and their pupils have shared ends are of course respectful and supportive of one another ‘s attempts and believe that everyone makes an of import part to larning procedure. Making sense of community engenders feelings of belongingness. Students see themselves as of import and valued members of the community.Communicating on a regular basis with parents and other primary health professionalsProductive parent-teacher relationships enhance pupils hearing and accomplishment in the acquisition environment. Parents and other health professionals provide information about current fortunes at place or effectual motivational schemes. Keeping pupils fruitfully engaged in worthwhile undertakings An effectual instructor should be after lessons and larning activities. He should besides be after specific ways of maintaining pupils on undertaking. The capable affair should be made interesting and relevant to pupils ‘ values and ends. A instructor should besides seek every bit much as possible attempt to utilize colorful audiovisual AIDSs, conduct fresh activities e.g. little group treatments, category arguments, or on occasion traveling to a different location.To maintain pupils fruitfully engaged a instructor can make the followers: –Have something specific for pupils to make each twenty-four hours, even on the first twenty-four hours of the category. Have stuffs organized and equipment set up before category. Behavior activities that guarantee all pupils engagement and engagement. 5 Kabiru and Njenga ( 2007 ) who seem to hold about similar schemes in proviso of a rich stimulating larning environment as Ormrod ( 2009 ) but they emphasized much on Maslow ‘s theory of self-actualization where basic needs seem to be a key in proviso of a rich and stimulating environment.They suggested the undermentioned extra points as representing a rich and stimulating environment- :Supplying quality nutrition for their kids.Parents must guarantee that they provide equal balanced diet for the kids. Quality nutrition ensures that the kid ‘s encephalon develop decently. As good, proper nutrition ensures that kids are healthy and develop a strong immune system. It besides ensures that kids have energy to take part in larning activities e.g. drama, geographic expeditions, experimentation and useProvision of quality wellness attention for kids.The parents should guarantee that the kids are to the full immunized from the immunizable diseases. They should besides supervise th eir growing, wellness and nutritionary position and dainty and every status quickly. Proper sanitation and clean H2O are of import. 6DecisionAs a instructor, it is of import to understand the effects of both heredity and environmental factors on larning. By so making, a instructor can be in a place to program and put a strategic environment for larning for their scholars. In add-on, this cognition can enable instructors advise parents and offer possible solutions to factors impacting academic public presentation of their kids at school. 7

International accounting and finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International accounting and finance - Essay Example International companies play a huge role in the global company and can have a powerful influence on the prospects and performance of several economies, especially those that are directly influenced by its business operations and decisions (Ray Whittington, 2007). Irrespective of their nature of operation, both domestic as well as international companies rely on the efficient management of their financial resources, wherein the financial management of the company can be defined as the management of the financial resources of a business organization so as to guide it towards the achievement of its financial objectives (Arthur Andersen, 1977). In this aspect, there are a few aspects, which are entirely applicable irrespective of the area or extent of operation of the company. With a view to improving the prospects of commercial business as the basis of the structure for the organization, the key objectives of managing the finances of the firm are to primarily generate revenue and profits for the business apart from ensuring the liquidity levels within the business. In addition, it is also necessary for financial management to provide the required strategies to help generate a healthy return on investment by assisting in identifying and mitigati ng all the risks involved in conducting the business by putting in a certain set of resources. In this respect, financial management is achieved for any firm through three main sections. Planning: in order to fund business operations, the management needs to be sure of the amount of funding available and the sums required to aid the needs of the business. Funding is required to invest in the company, its infrastructure, human resources as well as assist in the sales made over the credit (Barry Epstein, 2001). For longer terms, funding is also required to enhance the levels of productivity

Multinational firms are a force for progress‟. Discuss Essay

Multinational firms are a force for progress‟. Discuss - Essay Example That is exactly what we will be discussing in this paper. Let us first see what a MNC really is. According to D. H. Robertsons â€Å"Multinational corporations are a substitute for the market as a method of organizing international exchange. They are islands of conscious power in an ocean of unconscious cooperation† (Hymer,S. 1994). They are powerful organizations whose power commands most countries and governments. Now my question is that how can that be a wonderful thing, when there is no one to protect you interests. It in layman term means ‘survival of the fittest’. But what happens to those who don’t have the strength that others have. Well they are doomed. In the long term as well as short term. So is that a good thing. If you are one of the weak would you be happy about this? In this research paper I am going to outline, as stated by Margaret House, the costs MNC’s incurs for Developed/Advanced nations and Developing/Underdeveloped nation. I am going to outline the implications MNC’s has on the world as a whole. First let us look at the terms Developed/Advanced nations and Developing/Underdeveloped nations. Developed countries are those nations having an elevated level of development in regards to GDP, Industrialization, Human development index, etc. In other words countries which are economic super powers like the Japan, United States in North America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, most of Europe, etc. (United Nations, 2009). On the other hand developing economies  are nations that posses low levels of material well being. Countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Mongolia, Zimbabwe, Mexico, etc. (United Nations, 2009). Now moving on to the diverse effects MNC’s is bound to have. First let us see what effect MNC’s will most definitely have the on jobs in developed economies. As it is well known that the cost of

People and organization management- leadership Essay

People and organization management- leadership - Essay Example The transactional leadership approach â€Å"works through creating clear structures whereby it is clear what is required of their subordinates, and the rewards that they get for following orders† ("Changing Minds"). This theory focuses on the interaction between the leaders and Subordinates.   It is rely on the concept that a leader’s role is to let his followers to know clearly what he expect from them, this theory uses the rewards and punishments approaches for getting these prospects.   8 The servant leadership model is one of the less mainstream leadership models. This theory believes that leaders have to put the interest of followers, customers, and the society ahead of their own benefit to get the success (Stevens 2003). The principle of this theory has a huge amount of recognition within leadership circles and it is described as a set of beliefs and morals that leaders are willing to embrace them. 8 There are many benefits of democratic leadership. By adopting this style of leadership better ideas and more creative solutions for the problems can take place. Group members also feel more touched by the higher management, involved and devoted to projects, all these making them more likely to care about the end outcome. Researches show that democratic style has a result to elevated productivity among group members. Empirical studies have even indicated that individuals with high self-esteem prefer democratic leadership models (Schoel, Bluemke, et al. 2011) Still, there are also downsides of democratic leadership. Even if this style has been described as the most successful and effective leadership style, it has a few downsides. In cases where roles are undefined and unclear or time is essential democratic leadership can lead to communication failures and incomplete tasks. In some situation, group members may not have the appropriate knowledge or skill to make quality contributions to the decision-making process. 14 In the modern world one often hears about

MySofa.co.uk digital marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MySofa.co.uk digital marketing plan - Essay Example These are some of the most critical aspects that have the potential to bring critical challenges in the company’s expansion plan. Among these factors some are controllable or manageable (like selection of local vendor, supply chain and logistics) while others are uncontrollable (like government restrictions). In the present situation we are required to create a digital marketing plan for the brand â€Å"My Sofa† by the renowned sofa company of UK, Stokers. Sofa reflects the taste and preference of the users and thus it makes significant furniture among others. Whenever a visitor steps into the house, he or she faces the drawing room first where they are offered seats. These seats leave an impression in the person’s mind about the owner of the house as well as about the other members of the house. Thus it is of utmost importance to place a suitable sofa in the drawing room that would help the outsiders to have an impressive inkling about the people staying within the house. My Sofa is a luxury brand that aims at capturing the attention of the aged generation who mostly prefer a traditional, classic and sophisticated look in their drawing room. The digital marketing plan would create an online platform for the buyers and sellers where the customers will be able to choose the perfect sofa for their house without even visiting the store. The main aim of the website is saving the time and effort of the modern customer base that mostly remain busy with their professions. The online platform would also prove to be helpful for the sellers since the transactions will get recorded automatically that would save their time and effort and this platform will also provide the sellers with the opportunity to offer customized products and service to their customers. A situation analysis and clearly defined objectives The furniture and furnishings sector of UK is a significant industry. It accounts for ?9.4 billion to the nation’s GDP, which is equiva lent to 1.7% of the manufacturing yield, and provides job opportunities to almost 116,000 people inside  8,180 firms. In addition, the business  recruits 17,000 people in dedicated furniture and furnishings wholesale and retail, 7,000 in leasing, 2,000  in repair and a section of the 42,000 listed professional designers (The British furniture Confederation, n.d.). The Sofa Market is estimated to be worth ?2.8b annually by industry insider reports. Of this it is thought that 30% (?850m) are ‘quality seekers’. These are aspiring consumers who are proud of their home. This group of consumers can be split into 3 sub-groups according to their family, age, income status and their relationship with children: 1. Young established shoppers within the age group 25 to 35. These shoppers mostly do not have kids. The audience size is 3.4 million. The sofa market size is 230 million pounds. This group is basically considered to be the youngest among the three groups with urban lifestyle and modern outlook. Their choice

How Knowledge-Management Repositories are Used within Organizations Essay

How Knowledge-Management Repositories are Used within Organizations - Essay Example Apart from that the essay will also highlight on the various types of storage systems. Finally the report will shed light on the advantages of the mentioned storage systems Table of Contents Introduction 4 Data Warehousing 5 Types of Storage system 6 References 8 Introduction Knowledge management can be defined as the set of methods that are responsible for arrangement, distribution, and deployment of knowledge. Knowledge management has a long history; however the form of knowledge management was different from time to time. Knowledge management is a broader topic and plays a significant role in today’s age of information technology. It hugely impacts the action we perform and the decision we make, as both are influenced by some form of knowledge. According to Thomas Bertels knowledge management can be defined as the management or supervision of the organization in the context of continuous regeneration of knowledge. Incorporating information technology within the organization , circulation of knowledge and developing the structure of organization are the examples of knowledge management (The knowledge management forum, n.d.). Thus knowledge management can be portrayed as the capability to manage knowledge. These days organizations have also started to view ‘knowledge’ as a type of resource. ... Such activities are principally carried out to preserve knowledge assets of the organization and also to facilitate group working. The next half of the report will present a brief description about data warehousing. Data Warehousing Data warehousing is the process by which an organization stores its historical data in a structured form, so that it can be used further. Data warehousing can be defined as the set of techniques, methods and tools that are employed to offer support to the knowledge workers such as managers, directors, and analysts. The primary function of a data warehousing is to facilitate availability of information which further helps in the process of decision making and also for enhancing informational resources. William H. Inmon defined data warehouse as an integrated, non volatile, issue oriented collection of data which helps in the decision making process of the management (Inmon, 2005, p. 32). Data warehouse is the base storage location, which contains data from a number of sources and then transforms it into a multi dimensional and informational model that can be used for the process of querying and investigation. A data ware house also holds the capability to carry out many activities. For example a training manager from an organization may ask ‘what are the best possible orientations for a newly recruited employee?’ Apart from that personnel from administration department may ask ‘which particular strategy is more likely to get success in the market place’. Each of the aforementioned questions needs information pertaining to the area of research and this information instigates from the data warehouse. In general, on regular basis information the operational systems are imported and extracted in the data

Dis 8 - 527 - two paragraph same idea with different words Assignment

Dis 8 - 527 - two paragraph same idea with different words - Assignment Example Each country has its own interests and tries to attain its own goals. But as at present all countries are interdependent, any changes in one or several of them, which are not done for the sake of the whole world, but for personal interests and advantages, may bring to the changes in other countries and to disorder in the global system functioning. The examples of such changes and interdependence are the global financial crisis, which took place a few years ago, the cut of interest rates in the USA due to changes in global money flows, the present political and economic sanctions, imposed on Russia because of events in Ukraine, and many other. The combination and controversy of personal countries interests and the necessity to make the global system work can lead to instability of the global economy functioning. The complexity, high frequency and speed of changes make the world more unstable and fragile. The misunderstanding of the events and their reasons, lack of guarantees and the difficulty to predict future make people fear and panic, even though the overall indicators of peoples welfare increased in the whole world. So as globalization becomes more and more complex, and it cannot be stopped, it is better to consider it as a condition of future development of the world, rather than one of the possible

Improvement of the Quality of Service in a Hospital Case Study

Improvement of the Quality of Service in a Hospital - Case Study Example Public services in London based hospitals provide urgent concern to the public with acute ill health or harm. The hospitals provide emergency ambulance services, blood courier services, and other voluntary services. English National Health Services has largely benefited by the recent introduction of Service delivery targets under a more meticulous management regime. But proper use of HR tools can ensure less staff turnover, better organizational productivity, and corporate financial performance. Even in developed countries like the United Kingdom where there is a sufficient number of nurses, they are often utilized inefficiently, because they do not possess adequate skills or are more focused on urban areas than rural areas. This case study includes the following: Public services and its comparison with private service. SERVQUAL and dimensions of service quality. Measures to improve the SERVQUAL Emotions and work Organizational climate Service climate Ways to measure the service clim ate. Creation of service climate and its relation with human resource tools. Conclusion â€Å"Public sector  productivity  and  service  quality  is  often  held  to  be  dependent, at least in  part, on beliefs, values, and  attitudes  that go  beyond self-interest  to include  concerns  for  the needs  of  others  and the  greater  common  good (Have NHS Regulatory Reforms Undermined Altruism in the Health Workforce? 2012)† â€Å"Public ambulance services across the UK are required by law to respond to four types of requests for care, which are: Emergency calls Doctor's urgent admission requests High dependency and urgent inter-hospital transfers Major incidents† (Emergency Medical Services in the United Kingdom 2012, para. 1). The private service generally includes organizations that are in private ownership, and not owned by the government. These generally include partnerships, corporation, and charities. The organiza tions are not own or operated by the government, for example, local businesses, retail stores, credit unions, are run by the private sector.  Ã‚  

Development finance and funding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Development finance and funding - Essay Example if not irrational housing underwriting, increased unemployment and retrenchments, reduced compensation, a high price correction, tax credit for first time home buyers, rising foreclosures, decline of appraisal quality, expanded market times and a number of other challenges (Yudelson, 2009, p.45). The increased level of sales in the latter half of 2009 was encouraging; a recovery in housing department was later attained in 2012 by an increased employment rates and greater consumer access to credit. The number of sales jumped as inventory declined. The co-op sales in 2008 increased at an incredible rate of 28.3%. This level of sales is more than 3 times of the first quarter of 2009 which is considered then low point of market activity tipping in the fall of 2008. There is a consistency with the 10 year quarterly amount. The diminishing in the level of inventory in the market is attributed to the robust level of sales in the last quarter of 2009. The monthly absorption rate fell to 7.3 months due to the higher number of sales and lower inventory. The fourth quarter of 2009 represented 51.1% of all apartment sales which was an increase from 43.2 in the previous year (Miller, Spivey, & Florance, 2008, p.51). This represents a significant change for the same period a decade ago when the market shares of co-op sales were way below that. Of the total c-op stock, 97.3% were considered resale listings and 2.7% comprised of new development of condo-ops apartments with condo rules. These sales have led to a steady development of commercial property in the Manhattan region (Abbey & Richards, 2009, p.23). The increase in the number of market days as listing discount jumped. The average days on market was 151 days a decrease from the previous 152 days in 2008. Listing discount continued to increase reaching a mark of 18.3% as compared to 4.5% in the previous year. The combination of increasing number of sales and decreasing inventory suggested that the amount of remaining

Meaning of Life and Daffodils Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Daffodils Essay The person who is saying the poem is a person who hardly admires nature for its true beauty. 2. Occasion: A trip to the lake inspired this poem because there he saw all these daffodils by the lake and compared them to stars. 3. Audience: The audience for this poem are all those who do not appreciate the beauty of nature and more so to the well-educated. 4. Purpose: The reason Wordsworth wrote this poem was to express the beauty of all nature and how we take its beauty for granted. He is wishing to convey that we should acknowledge nature because we are nature and nature is in all of use. Also that we should admire its beauty before the image is gone and it’s too late. 5. Subject: The poem is about a man who takes a trip to lake and wanders around without a care in the world, like a cloud. Then he sees all these daffodils and compares them to stars. Later he returns to his couch to then realize that the scene was beautiful and that all nature is beautiful. 6. Tone: The author’s attitude towards nature is that he loves the beauty of it and how should admire its beauty. That it should take a â€Å"pensive mood† (Line 20; Wordsworth) for us to realize the beauty of nature, because we should always admire its beauty. Poem Analysis TP-CASTT 1. Title: The title seems to give off a sense of relaxation and a worry free feeling. Floating through life with no worries, like a cloud. 2. Paraphrase: A person is wandering around like a cloud does when it floats high over vales and hills. At a glance he sees a host of golden daffodils beside the lake, beneath the trees, fluttering and dancing. He compares the daffodils to the stars and how the flowers remind him of the Milky Way. The flowers stretch endlessly along the margin of the bay. He saw just ten thousand in one glance. The waves besides the flowers danced but they could not outdo the sparkling waves of the daffodils. A poet could not be happy in such jocund company. He gazed at the show but thought little of what wealth the show to him had brought. It wasn’t until he lay on his couch in a pensive mood that the image flashes before is inward eye, which is the bliss of solitude. Then finally his heart is fills with pleasure and dances with the daffodils. 3. Connotation: The author uses personification to bring to life the daffodils and to connect them with humans. â€Å"dancing in the breeze. † (Line 6; Wordsworth) This imagery gives us a sense that the daffodils are trying to communicate with us through â€Å"dancing†, and tell us that we are really no different than them. The author gives off a relaxed tone by making the speaker wander like a cloud, and we can also tell that the author loves the beauty of nature and thinks that we are connected to it, by what he has the speaker do in the poem. The attitude that the speaker has toward nature is that at first he doesn’t really admire the beauty of the daffodils until he lies on his couch and thinks about what he saw. The speakers attitude towards himself is that he doesn’t really see what’s so important about nature, until he really thinks about it. . Shifts: The poem shifts when the speaker says, â€Å"but little thought,† (Line 17; Wordsworth). It also shifts when he lies on his couch to think about nature. It shifts from a sense of perspective, because at fist he just examined the lake and saw daffodils, but it wasn’t until later, after he left, that there was more to the daffodils than just being plants. 6. Title: Now when I see the title is see that it is saying that the speaker is wandering though life with no knowledge about nature and its connection with life. 7. Theme: The poem is about a man who takes a trip to lake and wanders around without a care in the world, like a cloud. Then he sees all these daffodils and compares them to stars. Later he returns to his couch to then realize that the scene was beautiful and that all nature is beautiful. The theme of the story is that we just see nature as plants and trees and we do not admire the true meaning of nature. Once we do see the true meaning of nature and how we are connected, we are not around to admire its beauty in person because it’s too late.

Product analysis of maggi noodles in india

Product analysis of maggi noodles in india The Indian subsidiary of the global FMCG giant, Nestle SA Nestle India Limited introduced the brand Maggi in India in 1982. This launch of Maggi no0odles was the platform for an entirely new food category of instant noodles in India. It quickly gained popularity as a quick snack and was widely accepted in the Indian market. The company got the first mover advantage in this category and as a result, was able to retain its successful leader position in the category till the early 2000s. In order to target the health conscious consumers, in the year 2005, Nestle India Limited expanded by brand extension offering various healthy food products under the brand name Maggi. In an effort to extend its healthy foods concept, in May 2006, Nestle India Limited, launched a new variety of instant noodles product called Maggi Dal Atta Noodles (Dal Atta Noodles) under the popular Maggi brand. These Dal Atta Noodles, unlike the traditional Maggi noodles, were made of whole wheat and pulses, and were positioned as a healthy instant noodles. In addition to the instant noodles, Nestle India Limited also offeres a variety of other food products such as soups, sauces and ketchups, cooking aids (seasonings), etc., under the Maggi brand. Positioning [by product attribute] Maggi noodles by nestle comes under the food products category can be specifically placed under instant food category. Maggi was introduced in 1982 as a snack food and since then has been tweaked with a series of repositioning and brand extension strategies to feed the need of the time. Fast to Cook Good to Eat is the tagline for Maggi. Nestle India Limited (NIL) in the past years has aggressively promoted Maggi noodles via various methods like free sample distribution, distributing gifts in exchange of empty packs, etc. The company used its advertising strategically to create an effective impact on the communication of the benefits of the product to target consumers. Its advertisements projected magi as a fun snack for the kids which gave the mothers ease of preparation. Use of taglines like Mummy, bhookh lagi hai (Mom, Im hungry), Bas 2-Minute, (Only 2 minutes) and Fast to Cook Good to Eat effectively communicated the products benefits to target consumers. Maggi is positioned for consumption for the SEC A B consumption household. Its primary target audience is the children in the age group between 6-14 years. It has tried to cater to the low income householders by introducing the Rs. 5/- pack. It was designed to be consumed as a evening snack. The commercial designed for the same show kids of the fore-mentioned age group in the evening time consuming Maggi. Over the period of time with the need for healthy food (Vegetable Atta Noodles) gaining ground it repositioned itself by positioning it as healthy food. This was of paramount importance as the buyer in this case were mother who were going to feed there children who were in the growing age group. Given the special care that mother take of children in this age group Nestle has been trying to promote the healthy part more and more. It is packaged in bright yellow color given that this color is quite attractive to younger people. This color makes Maggi both easily distinguishable and also lively.It has a strong distribution and its availability is present in both traditional retail (kirana stores) and up-market posh supermarkets. It sells mostly in single size serving however it has innovatively changed the packaging allowing multiple serving inside the same packet. Through this it wants to increase brand loyalty. Typically the higher sizes are for regular consumption households and are available at slight discounts. Also from time to time it has been trying to leverage and rejuvenate the brand with interesting Brand extensions. Brand Extensions Maggi Soups 1988 Indian Ethnic Foods Pickles Sambhar Dosa Batter Vada Batter Macroni Maggi Coconut Milk Maggi Tamarind Sauce Maggie Chinese Noodles MAGGI CUPPA MANIA MAGGI Sauces MAGGI Pichkoo MAGGI Pizza Mazza MAGGI MAGIC Cubes MAGGI Bhuna Masala Market Analysis Nestle India Limited NIL operates in Four Segments in India: Prepared Dishes and Cooking Aids Segment Milk Products and Nutrition Segment Chocolate and Confectionery Segment Beverages Segment Prepared Dishes and Cooking Aids segment Maggi is the premium brand in this segment with the highest growth rate of 24.1 per cent in sales by value. The segment has also been a witness of a growth rate of 18.2 per cent in volume sales at 3.46 lakh tonnes during the period. Overall, Milk Products and Nutrition segment consisted of 47 per cent of the companys net sales during first quarter of 2008 (46.3 per cent in Q1 of 2008), followed by Prepared Dishes and Cooking Aids at 23.3 per cent (21.8 per cent), Beverages at 15.8 per cent (17.8 per cent) and Chocolate and Confectionery at 14.1 per cent (13.9 per cent) Maggi Sales The food processing business in India is at a nascent stage and is well poised to go into higher orbit. Presently, the share of the processed and packaged food consumption forms only 15% of the output. Penetration levels as well as per capita consumption in India is also low, as traditionally, Indians have been believers in consuming fresh stuff rather than packaged or frozen. However, the trend is changing and the new fast food generation is slowly altering its habits towards healthy food. The rise in income levels, urbanization, favorable demographics and changing lifestyle are the key drivers going forward. With around 200 Million people expected to shift to processed and packaged food by 2010, there lies a huge opportunity for makers of such products like Nestle India Limited to convert these potential consumers into loyal customers. Processed food market which was valued at Rs 4,600 billion in the year 2004, is expected to touch Rs 13,500 billion by 2015. With respect to Maggi Brand, the industry can be broadly classified into three sectors: Soups Sauces, Dressings and Condiments Noodles Soup The soup sector is rather small in India, but it is growing at a very rapid pace, registering a 16% CAGR in current value terms between 2003 and 2007 and increased by 20% in 2008-09, to reach a value of Rs942 million. Hindustan Unilever and Nestlà © India are the sectors leaders. Growth in soup sales in 2008-09 has been driven by wider options in soups, aggressive promotions and advertising activities by the main players and an increased reliance on instant foods, such as soups, by busy urban consumers. Soup players are trying to position their offerings as healthy snacks and meal solutions. Nestlà © India has positioned its Sanjeevani range of soups as wellness meal solutions due to the addition of healthy ingredients, such as almonds and amla, along with the addition of vegetables, no added colours or MSG, as well as being low in fat and cholesterol. Knorr and Maggi are the two premium soup brands in India, mainly due to their higher pricing, wide range of flavours and wellness positioning. Domestic soup brands such as MTR and Bambino are considered standard brands, due to their lower pricing. Canned soup brands are all positioned in the economy segment, with leading brands Chings Secret having lower prices. Major Brands and Companies in Soups sector are: Brand Company 2004- 05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Knorr Hindustan Unilever Group 56.6 57.2 56.9 58.6 57.1 Maggi Nestlà © SA 28.5 29.1 30.6 31.5 28 Chings Secret Capital Foods Ltd 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 8.6 MTR Orkla Group 1.9 1.2 SAUCES, DRESSINGS AND CONDIMENTS Retail value sales of sauces, dressings and condiments have grown by 11% in 2008-09 to Rs25.4 billion. This increase is mainly attributed to the increase in regional brands due to the entrance of number of local players into the organized sector from the unorganized sector. Ketchup has registered the fastest value growth in sauces, dressings and condiments in 2008-09, at 13%. The rapid growth in sales of ketchup was driven by a combination of factors, including aggressive promotion in retail outlets and advertising by Hindustan Unilever and Nestlà © India, and the launch of new variants, such as Kissan Chatakdaar and Maggi Pichkoo. With a wider range of flavours which go well with Indian snacks, and small pack sizes which can be used for a single serving, ketchup maintained its high level of growth in 2008-09. The sauces, dressings and condiments sector is highly fragmented, with a large number of regional players. There are a few national players in the herbs and spices and dry sauces subsector and Hindustan Unilever and Nestlà © India are the two notable multinational players, with shares of around 5% each. Major Brands and Companies in Sauces, Dressings and Condiments sector are: Brand Company 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Everest S Narendrakumar Co 17.9 18 17.6 17.6 17.4 MDH Mahashian Di Hatti Pvt Ltd 12.7 12.9 12.5 12.6 12.3 Priya Ushodaya Enterprises Ltd 8.8 8.3 8.7 9 8.4 Eastern Eastern Group 4.2 4.7 5.6 5.9 6.9 Mothers Recipe Desai Brothers Ltd 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 6 Hommade Dabur India Ltd 4.3 4.5 4.9 5.2 5.5 Maggi Nestlà © SA 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.8 5 Kissan Hindustan Unilever Group 4.7 4.9 4.9 5 4.9 Noodles Sales of Noodles have grown by 20% in 2008-09 to Rs 15.6 Billion. With Indian consumers leading increasingly busy lifestyles, less time is being devoted to cooking food at home, and urban consumers are opting for easy-to-cook solutions, such as noodles. As a result, instant noodles continue to dominate sales, accounting for almost 73% of retail value in 2008-09. While plain noodles, in the form of vermicelli, have traditionally been popular in South India to make full meals, more consumers are shifting to instant and plain noodles, which are easy to cook, for either full meals or snacks.

Diversity Statement - The Appalachian Mountains :: College Admissions Essays

Diversity Statement - The Appalachian Mountains    I was raised in an ultra-conservative Pentecostal Holiness church in the Appalachian Mountains. There were snake handlers in our church. It was thought that it tested one's faith to pick up a poisonous snake -- God wouldn't allow it to bite you if you had faith. However, I was always afraid that to pick up a snake would greatly increase God's propensity to smite me via death by snakebite. I did not have enough faith. I've never encountered a miracle -- I've never had a dream come true. I therefore can't help but lack faith.    To my great fortune, I've had many people help me along the way who didn't have to and who stood nothing to gain by helping me. Teachers gave me after-hours help; when I didn't know how I would pay for school, the financial aid office gave me a scholarship. These people helped me for no reason other than the mere fact that I am a human being, worthy of help when in need. Although I didn't have faith, they gave me hope.    This is why I have worked at a local homeless shelter for the past two years.   I feel like I can do the same thing -- help a person or two merely on the basis of our shared humanity. I enjoy paying back some of the help society has given me. I teach a computer class at the shelter, but everyone gets free therapy on the side. Most of those people aren't different in some essential way from the homed or those who have jobs, but life has often dealt them a losing hand to begin with. I tell them that I also had a losing hand, but I never gave up hope. Often, hope is all I had -- but it was enough to keep me pressing onward.

Mutations in KCNQ1 Ion Channel May Cause Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Synd

Mutations in KCNQ1 Ion Channel May Cause Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome Abstract Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome is a human disorder that causes deafness and an irregular heartbeat. It is caused by a mutation in a protein that is a potassium ion channel. The mutations lead to a protein that does not serve the purpose it was designed to serve. It is difficult to treat, but there are things that can be done for both the cardiac and auditory aspects of it. Implantation of a device used as a sort of bionic ear can be used as treatment for the deafness characteristic of JLNS. The cardiac portion of JLNS can be treated by either a preventative step or with an implantable device used to stop arrhythmias (irregular beating of the heart) once they have started. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome is a recessive genetic disorder caused most commonly by mutations in the gene that codes for the KCNQ1 protein. In JLNS, these mutations cause a premature termination of the protein synthesis, leading to a loss of function. It is also known that KCNQ1 can mutate to cause a gain of function (e.g. a quickened heartbeat). Another disorder known as Romano-Ward syndrome involves changing a few of the amino acids within the protein so that the protein retains its basic shape and function, but is a lot less efficient. Without mutations, the KCNQ1 protein is a potassium ion channel, meaning that it transfers potassium ions between a cell and its surroundings. When mutated, KCNQ1 can cause deafness, and long QT syndrome (a disorder in which the heart takes longer to recharge than normal (QT segment is longer than average), often leading to fainting or sudden death.) Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome affects an estimated 1.6-... ...m.nih.gov/pubmed/18595190?ordinalpos=7&itool=Entrez System2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum [3]Smith, Jarrod A., and Vanoye, Carlos G. and George Jr., Alfred L. and Meiler, Jens and Sanders, Charles R.. "Structural Models for the KCNQ1 Voltage- Gated Potassium Channel." Biochemistry 4614 11 2007 14141-14152. 27 Jul 2008 sample.cgi/bichaw/2007/46/i49/html/bi701597s.html#bi701597sAF2>. [4]"Cochlear Implant." Wikipedia. 27 Jul 2008 . [5]"Long QT Syndrome." Wikipedia. 27 Jul 2008 . [6]"Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome." Wikipedia. 27 Jul 2008 . [7]"Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome." WSLH. 27 Jul 2008 .

Standardized Testing Provides an Inexpensive and Reliable Indicator of

Standardized Testing Provides an Inexpensive and Reliable Indicator of Student Learning and Achievement The question of assessment in the "school system, individual schools, and teachers has evoked strong and sometimes violent emotions from the educational community, the general public and their legislative representatives"(Brown & Knight, 1994). Assessment based on standardized tests has been looked at very closely over the recent years, and some people have even mentioned that they be eliminated completely. Those who feel traditional methods should be replaced by alternative methods. These people feel that demonstration, exhibition, investigation, oral response, portfolio, and written response's are all examples of alternative assessments and should be incorporated in the classroom. They also feel that peer assessment should be incorporated because students learn a great deal from each other, and with large student numbers, "the importance of student feedback increases as the availability of tutor feedback decreases"(Brown & Knight, 1994). G.I Maeroff wrote the first article I read he feels that assessment of student's achievement is changing, largely because today's students face a world that will demand new knowledge and abilities. "In the global economy of the 21st century, students will not only need to understand the basics, but also to think critically, to analyze, and to make inferences" (Maeroff, 1991). The author clearly identifies that we often believe that what get assessed is what get taught and that the format of assessment influences the format of instruction. Contrary to our understanding of how students learn, "many assessments test facts and skills in isolation, seldom requiring students to apply what they already know and can do it in real life situations"(Maeroff, 1991). He feels the problem with standardized tests is that they do not match the emerging content standards, and over reliance on this type of assessment often leads to instruction that "stresses the basic knowledg e and skills" (Maeroff, 1991). The article reassures that rather than changes in instruction toward the engaged learning that will prepare students for the future, these test will encourage instruction of less important skills and passive learning. "Although the basic skills may be important goals of ... ...nt is expensive and difficult to develop, administer and score, which makes their usefulness for large-scale assessment questionable. If these alternative models achieve comparable reliability and validity, wouldn't they in effect have become standardized as well? The issue is not whether or not one form of assessment is better than another; no assessment model is suited for every purpose. The real issue is choosing appropriately among the variables that apply the most suitable model for the students. It is necessary to determine what information is sufficient to each purpose before you decide what format that you are going to teach. The best way to do our students justice is to use as wide as possible a mixture of all the assessment methods; this will allow all the students to show their strengths and weaknesses. Bibliography Brown, S and Knight, P (1994). Assessing Learners in Higher Education. Kogan Page, London. Linn, R.L., Baker, & S. B. Dunbar. (1991). Complex, Performance-Based Assessment: Expectations and Validation Criteria. Educational Researcher, 20 (8), pp. 15-21. Maeroff, G.I. (1991). Assessing Alternative Assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 73 (4), pp. 273-281).

Financial Ratios: TESCO and J. Sainsbury Essay

1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to conduct a comparative ratio analysis of the financial statements of J. Sainsbury PLC and Tesco PLC for the year-ending 2013. The financial information that is provided from each company’s annual report and the comparison between them will help possible users of this analysis to understand not only the differences between these two companies but also each company’s weaknesses and strengths. Below, the profiles of the two companies will be referred as well as eight accounting ratios for each company will be presented in order to have the appropriate financial information to analyse. Furthermore, the possible users of this analysis will be identified and all their differing information requirements will be mentioned. Finally, there will be provided a short discussion on the importance of supplementing financial analysis with non-financial considerations and a general conclusion will be made which will contain a summary of the main findings of this report. 1 .1 Tesco’s PLC profile Tesco PLC (Public Limited Company) is a food retail company which operates in nine markets with 923 stores across the world. It employs more over 240,000 people which sell its products giving access to 260 million people (Tesco PLC., 2014). Over the past five years, Tesco has expanded from the UK’s supermarkets into new countries with new products and services including a major non-food business. More specifically, the company has started to sell electrical devices, internet shopping, toys, sports equipment, home entertainment, home shop, cook shop and furniture. Also it provides financial services in cooperation with Royal Bank of Scotland serving 3.4  million customers which reveals the company’s intentions to expand in new markets. 1.2 J. Sainsbury’s Profile Sainsbury PLC is engaged in grocery and related retailing. The company’s activities are organised into three segments which are retailing (supermarkets and convenience), financial services (Sainsbury’s Bank), and Property investments (The British Land Company PLC and Land Securities PLC) (Reuters, 2014). The Company employs around 150,000 people and it operates over 1,000 stores acquiring 572 supermarkets and 440 convenience stores. The Company also acquires an online entertainment company, Global Media Vault Limited and HMV Group plc’s holding in Anobii Limited, a social network and online retailer of e-books. 2. Financial-accounting information and ratios According to Roger Hussey (Hussey, 1999), the financial accounting information is primarily concerned with communicating a ‘true and fair view’ of the financial performance and financial position of an entity to external parties in accordance with established principles, legal requirements and accounting standards. The general purpose of financial statements is to provide information that is useful to a wide range of users for making economic decisions and assessing the organizational management (IFRS, 2014). Accounting ratios are related with this information and their purpose is to describe a quantitative relationship between two values permitting the comparison of company’s performance with the previous years, competitors and with the industry benchmarks. Below, profitability, liquidity, working capital control and financial risk ratios will be presented and compared for the two companies providing the appropriate financial information. 2.1 Profitability and efficiency ratios The main objective of a financial statement analysis is to value a firm’s equity securities which mean that the firm has to ensure its profitability for the future (Mackenzie et al., 2013). Profitability and efficiency ratios are used by financial information users in order to assess the firm’s operating performance. They provide information about how much profit the firm makes in relation with its sales and how efficiently the business is using its assets to generate revenue. 2.1.3 Return on capital employed (ROCE) is a financial ratio that measures the percentage return on the total funds employed in the business and shows how effective management is in generating revenue and controlling costs. TESCO plc has slightly a bigger ROCE percentage than its comparable company J. Sainsbury which fact for some people would be irrelevant but if it will be examined in depth it can be comprehended that TESCO company has a better management because it uses more efficiently its capital. 2.1.3 Asset turnover ratio TESCO GROUP Asset turnover ratio  £m Sales revenue 64,826 Capital employed 22,550 Asset turnover (%) 287,47 % J. Sainsbury Asset turnover ratio  £m Sales revenue 23,303 Capital employed 9,580 Asset turnover (%) 243,24% Asset (or capital) turnover ratio measures how many times the capital employed was turned over during the year to achieve the revenue which fact indicates the efficiency of the company’s deployment of its assets. The above tables show that even though the two companies surpass the rank of one hundred percent which means that their capital employed was turned over at least one time during 2013, TESCO exceeds J. Sainsbury for 44, 23 %. This fact demonstrate that TESCO deploys almost a half time more efficiently its assets than J. Sainsbury and in accounting terms it is explained as 2.87 dollars were generated per dollar of assets 2.2 Liquidity and working capital control 2.2.1 Current ratio TESCO GROUP Current ratio  £m Current assets 13,096 Current liabilities 5,889 Current Ratio x:1 2.22:1 J. Sainsbury Current ratio  £m Current assets 1,914 Current liabilities 3,115 Current Ratio x:1 0.61:1 Current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures the ability of the company to meet its short-term obligations (liabilities) such as debt and payables with its short-term assets such as cash, receivables and inventory. TESCO’s current ratio is estimated to 2.22:1 and it absolutely does not seem to have any liquidity problem in the business in contrast to J. Sainsbury company which current ratio is estimated to 0.61:1. More specifically, these numbers show that TESCO had 2.22 dollars of current assets for each dollar of current liabilities and J. Sainsbury had 0.61 dollars of current assets for every dollar of current liabilities. These results reveal a liquidity problem that J. Sainsbury has which means that the firm can not pay its short term obligations properly. However this does not necessarily mean that the company will be a bankrupt in the near future if it will not pay its short-term liabilities for some small period of time but it is definitely a bad sign of not good f inancial health and it is required from the company to access more financing sources in order to overcome this problem. 2.2.2 Quick ratio TESCO GROUP Quick ratio  £m Current assets 13,096 Inventories (3,744) Current liabilities 5,889 Current Ratio x:1 1.58:1 J. Sainsbury Quick ratio  £m Current assets 1,914 Inventories (987) Current liabilities 3,115 Current Ratio x:1 0.29:1 Quick ratio is an another liquidity ratio and it is very similar to current ratio but the difference from these two ratios is that quick ratio is more conservative because it shows the relationship between liquid assets (from which the inventory is excluded) and current liabilities in contrast to the other ratio. The results are almost the same except the ratio numbers. TESCO has 1.58 dollars of liquid assets available per one dollar of current liabilities and J. Sainsbury has 0.29 of liquid assets for each dollar of current liabilities. The problem for J. Sainsbury remains the same as the company has a bad finance health because it cannot meet properly its short -term obligations. 2.2.3 Inventory Turnover and holding ratio TESCO GROUP Inventory Turnover ratio  £m Cost of sales 60,737 Inventories 3,744 Inventory Turnover ratio 16.22 J. Sainsbury Inventory Turnover ratio  £m Cost of sales 22,026 Inventories 987 Inventory Turnover ratio 22.31 Inventory turnover ratio measures the times that an inventory was sold and replaced over a specific period of time. A low turnover ratio indicates low sales and simultaneously an excess in the inventory of the company which can lead to liquidity problems. On the other hand, a high turnover shows that the firm either has good sales or it implies ineffective buying of its products which mean that the company buys small quantities of product very frequently for a higher price than this that it would get if it would buying bigger quantities leading to a shortage or an inadequate inventory. TESCO during 2013, has turned over its inventory 16.22 times which is 6.09 lesser than J. Sainsbury’s turnover which is estimated to 22.31 times for the same year. This means that in comparison with J. Sainsbury even though that TESCO is a bigger company, in relation with both companies’ capabilities TESCO seemed to have an excess in the inventory which reveals the fact that the company w as dropped out from its expectations in contrast to J. Sainsbury. More products in the inventory implies more cost for the firms so both of them and more specifically TESCO have to improve its ability to liquidate  its stocks from the inventory. 2.2.4 Inventory holding ratio TESCO GROUP Inventory holding period ratio  £m Inventories 3,744 Cost of sales 60,737 Inventory holding period ratio 22.49 days J. Sainsbury Inventory holding period ratio  £m Inventories 987 Cost of sales 22,026 Inventory holding period ratio 16.35 days Similarly to the inventory turnover ratio, inventory holding period ratio shows the period of time (days) that stocks were kept in the company’s inventory. A low inventory holding period indicates that stocks that were kept in the inventory were for a small period of time. Accordingly happens when the inventory holding period is high which means that stocks in there are kept for a long period of time. According to Japanese industry statistical website (M&A BANK Co. LTD, 2014), the average inventory turnover for food retail companies such as TESCO and J. Sainsbury, is 34.44 days. The fact that TESCO has a bigger inventory turnover is illustrated in the inventory holding period for both companies. For each inventory turnover, TESCO was keeping its inventory for 22.49 days and J. Sainsbury for 16.35.  These results lead to the same conclusions of inventory turnover statements that were mentioned above. 2.2.3 Receivables collection period TESCO GROUP Receivables collection period ratio  £m Trade receivables 2,525 Sales revenue 64,826 Receivables collection period ratio 3.89 days J. Sainsbury Receivables collection period ratio  £m Trade receivables 306 Sales 23,303 Receivables collection period ratio 4.79 days The receivable collection period ratio measures the period of time (days) that the company awaits to collect receivables from its clients. A low receivable collection period indicator shows that the company collects its dues from its clients quickly. If this indicator is too low, then it is understandable that the firm does not offer credit facilities to its clients resulting loss in business. On the other hand, when there is a high receivable collection period indicator it is obvious that the company have some difficulties collecting receivables from its clients. TESCO seems to take its receivables almost one day earlier (3.89 days) than J. Sainsbury (4.79 days) which fact mentions again the difference in the liquidity of these two companies. J. Sainsbury which has a liquidity problem has to collect more efficiently its receivables from customers to empower liquidity  as much possible improving its financial position in the market. 2.3 Financial Risk and debt to equity ratio Financial risk shows the possibility of failure in an investment that an investor would have if he would have invest in a company with debt that would not have meet its financial liabilities (ЛÐ ¸Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ²Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã'…, 1999). TESCO GROUP Debt to equity ratio  £m Non-current liabilities 14,483 Total equity 16,661 Debt to equity ratio 86.92 % J. Sainsbury Receivables collection period ratio  £m Non-current liabilities 3,846 Total equity 5,734 Debt to equity ratio 67,07 % Debt to equity ratio measures the percentage that corresponds to debt and equity of a company. A high debt to equity ratio means that the company has developed with a big amount of debt which can lead to big interest and would have an impact on shareholder’s earnings or even it would lead to a bankruptcy in an extreme case. In the above table, TESCO shows a debt to equity ratio estimated to 86.92 % and J. Sainsbury 67.07 % which is lower for 19.85 % in relation with the first company. It is obvious that TESCO in  the previous year was aggressively financing its growth than J. Sainsbury which means that the company has many liabilities and it is already on the red line to start facing the consequences of a such high ratio. 3. Users of financial analysis and their information requirements According to Gokul Sinha (Sinha, 2009), â€Å"financial statements are the means of providing information to the various users for their decision making but users are different and accordingly, their needs are also different.† In the below table (Table 1.0) the seven categories of the users of financial analysis will be presented with all of their differing information requirements and potential decisions. 4. The importance of supplementing financial analysis with non-financial statements Non-financial considerations were always a great tool for companies which had the knowledge how to use them. Christopher Ittner and David Larcker (Christopher Ittner, 2000) have stated that by supplementing financial analysis with non-financial statements, the organization creates a closer link to the long-term strategies of it. More specifically non-financial data make the companies to communicate different informational objectives with managers, providing them motivation in order to plan long-term strategies in the future. Moreover they referred that some critics argue that intangible assets such as customer loyalty and intellectual capital are the drivers of success for many companies in different industries and they have to pay more attention on these two. Finally, both authors mentioned about the accompanied noise of non-financial data about which the managers must be aware in order to determine how much success they will get if they make their actions which will lead to a maximizing effect on the organizational performance. 5. Conclusion In conclusion, the profiles and activities of TESCO plc and J. Sainsbury were detailed as well the mean of the financial-accounting information was explained. Furthermore, there were presented two ratios from each of profitability, liquidity, working capital control categories and one ratio that describes the financial risk for both of companies. Afterwards the users of the financial analysis were referred and all of their differing requirements were described. Finally, there was a reference on the importance of supplementing financial analysis with non-financial statements as well as the capabilities of using non-financial considerations. Bibliography Christopher Ittner, D.L., 2000. Mastering Management series. Financial Times. Hussey, R., 1999. Oxford Dictionary of Accounting. Oxford: Oxford University Press. IFRS, 2014. IFRS Foundation. [Online] London: IFRS Foundation Available at: http://www.ifrs.org [Accessed 18 April 2014]. Kirk, A., 2014. Chron. [Online] Available at: http://www.chron.com [Accessed 19 April 2014]. M&A BANK Co. LTD, 2014. EDIUNET Industry Avg. [Online] Available at: http://industry.ediunet.jp [Accessed 19 April 2014]. Mackenzie, B. et al., 2013. Wiley IFRS 2013: Interpretation and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Maynard, J., 2013. Financial Accounting, Reporting, and Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reuters, 2014. http://uk.reuters.com. [Online] Available at: http://uk.reuters.com [Accessed 18 April 2014]. Sinha, G., 2009. Financial Statement Analysis. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private. Tesco PLC., 2014. Global Sources. [Online] Available at: http://www.globalsources.com [Accessed 18 April 2014]

Business Plan for Early Childhood Development

Business Plan of previous(predicate) Childhood ontogeny m distributively in Gilgit Balistan Glowing ivory pedagogics Center (GPEC) Prep argond By Muniba Islam (Registration nary(prenominal) 55093) Najumus Sehar (Registration No. 55226) Kanwal Gill (Registration No. 54468) Contents AKNOWLEGMENT3 executive drumhead4 INTERNAL election digest5 ?Resources5 ?Capabilities7 external environs abridgment8 1. 1. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT compendium8 a. Demographics8 b. Economic Segment9 c. Socio close Segment10 d. purlieual Segment18 1. 2. INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT abridgment19 . 3. C OMPETITOR E NVIRONMENT A NALYSIS28 AKNOWLEGMENT Firstly we would convey Allah for giving us the opportunity and the resources to be able to do somewhatthing fruitive with our lives. With stunned His blessings we would non sire been able to come as far as we digest. Then our truthful thanks to SIR ADNAN ANWAR helping us end-to-end this report. His guidelines lease been real useful for us in prepari ng this report. This report would non have been possible without his cooperation and continuous direction.I would like to bring my gratitude to my facilitator SIR ADNAN ANWAR whose continuous encour be onment and support to authorize the show window. This report has enabled us to apply exclusively that we studied in sort and gave us the chance to enhance our k forthwithledge. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This intention involves shewing a Montessori aim in big cities of GILGAT BALISTAN, jump classes from archaean puerility ontogenesis to secern I. The arse trade of this direct is chel arn, 0 6 long time of senesce, belonging to the middle income group and in like manner fall guy operative woman.The in pee go outing provide step instruction starting at the native level charging an inexpensive fee. The give instruction depart practice move on trainingal procedures statement method an extensive programme and using modern t apieceing methodological analysis in sync with international standards. capable and undergo faculty pull up stakes be hired. The check leave have sophisticated infrastructural facilities, gigantic class meanss, and wide-ranging railing real from p determinescripts to toys for a good studyal experience. g elbow rooms with gritty written report have a admiting entrance fee selection process, for which, Montessori disciplinehouses provide the unavoidable procreation. This has given rise to graduate(prenominal) demand for Montessori instill agreements that suffer prep be children for admission to reputable Primary schools. With the suppuration macrocosm and a control proceeds of schools, constitution of elementary schools has sprain a demand for necessary educational training starting at an early on suppurate. The tote up project cost for setting up this school is estimated at Rs. illion out of which the Capital represent is estimated at Rs. 2. 0 jillion. The everyplace both(prenom inal) proposed capability of the school is 300 disciples. for each superstar class level from Early Childhood ontogenesis (ECD) Class I has two to intravenous feeding sections. The maximal number of enrollments per class is limited to 20 students from ECD till KG II and 30 students for class I. The proposed building will be acquired by own, covering an al about eye socket of building is euchre SQM to gruntle the proposed student strength. INTERNAL RESOURCE ANALYSIS * Resources Tangible ResourcesResource ex set up ancestry LAND 500 Squ atomic number 18 molar concentration OWN BUILDING 10 bang room house OWN initial WORKING CAPITAL Rs. 2. 0 cardinal SAVING IT- EQUIPMENT 5 LAPTOPS, Audio & melody accessories OWN ECD REQUIRED MATERIAL Chairs, tables, book storage, carpets, cribs, Block play accessories, Strollers and disparate ECD needful materials OWN Intangible Resources Resource Description HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCE * expertness in early childhood demotement and Montessori directors (best knowledge in children psychology). expertness of contrary ara like MBA program line Leadership, MBA HRM, MBA- marketing * intimacy of local business surroundingss (speci totallyy little and fair business) INNOVATION RESOURCE * advanced(a) ideas to conk out business requirements with specialized package tools * grade of ideas to mother complex business softw ar * Innovative ideas to educational products REPUTATIONAL RESOURCE repute for stupendous customer/ p arents * Having good record with educational services due to two-a-penny cost.Reputation with universities * hot reputation with educational institutes and instructors training and management institutes for competent new-fangled graduates resources for cheap source of input Reputation with universities * Good reputation in educational exertion pedagogy RESOURCE * Expertise in child festering and development * aptitude in cognitive development * companionship of health safety and nutrition * ad hominem management * Capabilities Functional theatre of operations Resources Capabilities fuddle FEASIBILITY Montessori directors and educational professional / ECD infallible materials / Computer equipment and building Business invent for early childhood development shopping centre and its impact on into children development plazas profitability REQUIRED educational STAFF Montessori directors and educational professional / Innovative resources/ ECD undeniable materials / Computer equipments imposture of translating business requirements into children development center for maximum customer/ parents satisfaction MARKETING Marketers Promoting and market children development center and in like manner wins the instructor training program TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM Training professionals * Expertise in child ontogeny and development * readiness in cognitive development * noesis of health safety and nutrition * singularized management * monetary ma nagement * fine Relationship with parents and children EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 2. 1. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS a. Demographics race by come along Groups Pakistan Projection (000s) matu roam mathematical group 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 broad(a) M+F clv,772 173,383 192,262 211,397 229,377 246,272 MALES 0? 4 9,562 11,886 12,429 12,711 12,350 12,062 5? 9 10,047 9,287 11,631 12,205 12,513 12,180 10? 4 10,130 9,936 9,210 11,554 12,133 12,446 15? 19 9,897 10,047 9,878 9,161 11,503 12,084 20? 24 7,885 9,767 9,958 9,801 9,089 11,428 25? 29 6,240 7,729 9,655 9,859 9,706 9,001 30? 34 5,077 6,099 7,627 9,555 9,763 9,617 35? 39 4,460 4,957 6,008 7,536 ,459 9,673 40? 44 4,042 4,349 4,869 5,919 7,440 9,354 45? 49 3,465 3,926 4,249 4,770 5,812 7,320 50? 54 2,796 3,331 3,795 4,120 4,637 5,664 55? 59 2,035 2,633 3,155 3,609 3,932 4,440 60? 64 1,543 1,854 2,416 2,911 3,346 3,662 65? 9 1,199 1,341 1,625 2,133 2,587 2,992 70? 74 841 973 1, deoxycytidine monophosphate 1,346 1,782 2, 179 75+ 921 1,077 1,271 1,482 1,796 2,315 native 80,140 89,190 98,874 108,670 117,849 126,417 computer address World Banks World Development Indicators (WDI) database * geezerhood building * 0-14 affectionate classs35. 4% ( virile 34,093,853/ fe manful 32,278,462) * 6. 5% muckle lies in the age group of 0-5yrs * 15-64 age60. % (male 58,401,016/female person 54,671,873) * 65 long time and over4. 2% (male 3,739,647/female 4,157,870) Interpretation * 60% of world falls under age of 35 means with child(p) market of one-year-old people and approx. 36% teen-ager have receding market for childhood development center. * p student residenceics and females constitutes most 51%, 49 % of the population respectively. * universe is migration from untaught areas to urban to seek part stinting opportunities. * people evolution consecrate is 1. 57% per year. b. Economic Segment Interpretations * s healthying is the major factor of weak economic condition of Pakistan * Due to elevated disregard rate local enthronization has been educed to approximately 50% * Government espousal from non semipublic heavens has created the liquidity crunch in the financial firmament * place post shows marginal changes i. e. accrue in the proportional profiles of employees and free-lance workers while sum up in the case of employers. * Due to week enthronement in large vault of heaven SME sector is development at rapid footmark * GDP growth at around 2. 4 % due to devastating gourmandize c. Socio Culture Segment Interpretations * Pakistan is the 10th largest republic in the world according to the size of it of the repel major power * In 200809, the estimated grind effectiveness grew by 3. % * The growth in female struggle storm was great than male labor labor and accordingly the increase in female workout was greater * The increase in self- employ persons as well as owing(predicate) family workers indicates that activities at the theater l evel are increasing * Population is migration from boorish areas to urban to seek better economic opportunities * Pakistan is the most urbanized nation in conspiracy Asia making up 36% of its population, (2008) urbanisation rate is 3% (2005? 10). * Urban population in Pakistan will constitute 50% of the total. The rate of urbanization in Pakistan will continue to increases due to the past high growth rates. * More than 50% of urban population (2005) lived in eight urban areas Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Hyderabad, Gujranwala and Peshawar. Interpretations * 2008? 9, the estimated labor force grew by 3. 7%. * The growth in female labor force was greater than male labor force and consequently the increase in female oeuvre was greater Population of Major Cities of Pakistan CITY 1981 1998 CAGR (%) 2010 KARACHI 9,339,023 5,208,132 3. 49 13,386,730 LAHORE 5,143,495 2,952,689 3. 32 7,214,954 FAISALABAD 2,008,861 1,104,209 3. 58 2, 912,269 RAWALPINDI 1,409,76 8 794,834 3. 43 2,013,876 MULTAN 1,197,384 732,070 2. 93 1,610,180 HYDERABAD 1,166,894 751,529 2. 62 1,521,231 GUJRANWALA 1,132,509 600,993 3. 79 1,676,357 PESHAWAR 982,816 566,248 3. 29 1,386,529 QUETTA 565,137 285,719 4. 09 871,643 ISLAMABAD 529,180 204,364 5. 7 972,669 Interpretations * In 1950, only(prenominal) 29. 8 % of people lived in urban areas whereas by 2020, an estimated 57% will live in c cities. * Karachi citys population is growing at about 5% per year including an estimated 45,000 migrant workers coming to the city all(prenominal) month. * Urban magnification brush off be the key to continuing economic advantage * It will unfold opportunities for investment in m any(prenominal) new markets for example, infra building, transportation, healthcare, education and reputation building. card Civilian Labor persuasiveness, sedulous and Unemployed for Pakistan (in millions) 03-04 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 Labor Force 45. 5 50. 05 50. 33 51. 78 53. 72 utilize 42 46. 95 47. 65 49. 09 50. 79 Unemployed 3. 5 3. 1 2. 68 2. 69 2. 93 Source various(a) issues of Labor Force glance national Bureau of Statistics Interpretations * Unemployment rate is higher as compared to the last statistics. * The change is due to female than male and urban than rural unemployment rates. Interpretations * trade comprises all persons ten years of age and above who worked at least star hour during the reference period and were either pay employed or self-employed. The tire force is growing and the growth in FY09 is greater than that in FY 08. Table Employment Status by hinge upon (%) 2007? 08 2008? 09 extreme young-begetting(prenominal) womanly fundamental anthropoid womanly Employers 0. 9 1. 2 NA 1. 2 1. 5 0. 1 Self employed 34. 2 39. 6 12. 8 33. 3 38. 7 13. 1 Unpaid family Helpers 28. 9 19. 7 65. 0 29. 7 20. 2 65. 0 Employees 36. 0 39. 5 22. 2 35. 8 39. 6 21. 8 fall one C. 0 speed of light. 0 atomic number 6. 0 coke. 0 100. 0 100. 0 I nterpretations * 2008? 09 employees change magnitude both in rural and urban setting. * Employers almost remained the same during 2007? 08 and 2008? 09. * Self-employment increased in 2008? 09.This emphasizes the fact that in dinner gownization of our sectors is taking place. * The increase in self-employed persons as well as recreational family workers indicates that activities at the household level are increasing. * Employment status shows marginal changes i. e. decrease in the comparative profiles of employees and self? employed workers while increase in the case of employers Interpretations * The self? employed males have decrease while female self-employed has increased. * The increase in self-employed persons as well as unpaid family workers indicates that activities at the household level are increasing * Employment status shows marginal changes i. e. ecrease in the comparative profiles of employees and self-employed workers while increase in the case of employers. Inter pretations * 45. 1% labour force is employed in agriculture. * 13. 6% labour force is employed in services. * 50% 0f population is residing in urban areas so emphasis will shift towards other sectors. Table Employed labour force by sector sector 2007-08 2008-09 total male female total male female Agriculture 44. 6 36. 9 75. 0 45. 1 37. 3 74. 0 Manufacturing 13. 0 13. 3 11. 8 13. 0 13. 3 11. 9 Construction 6. 3 7. 8 0. 4 6. 6 8. 3 0. 4 Transport 5. 5 6. 8 0. 2 5. 2 6. 6 0. 2 Services 13. 7 14. 4 10. 6 13. 66 11. 1 11. 6 Others 2. 3 2. 9 0. 2 0. 10 2. 9 0. 3Source Labour Force Survey 2008-09 federal official Bureau of statistics Interpretations * 11. 6% female and 11. 1% males are in services, which indicate as compared to males females are much in service sector. * 24. 4% females are running(a) in other sectors. * The growth in female labor force was greater than male labor force and consequently the increase in female employment was greater Table Employed-Pakistan and provinces theater of operations/Province Employed 2007-08 2008-09 descend Male female person bestow Male Female Pakistan 49. 09 39. 06 10. 03 50. 79 40. 04 10. 75 Rural 34. 48 25. 79 8. 69 35. 54 26. 46 9. 09 Urban 14. 1 13. 27 1. 34 15. 25 13. 59 1. 66 Punjab 28. 97 22. 07 6. 9 29. 95 22. 68 7. 27 Sindh 12. 26 10. 43 1. 83 12. 72 10. 67 2. 05 KhyberPukhtoonkhua 5. 73 4. 65 1. 08 5. 97 4. 77 1. 2 Balochistan 2. 13 1. 91 0. 22 2. 15 1. 92 0. 23 Source Labour Force Survey 2008-09 Interpretations * This table gives a comparison between employment figures in FY 07-08 and 08-09 * The general inclination is a rise in employment in both rural and urban areas, and in both genders * full(prenominal)er rate of rise is registered in Punjab as compared to other provinces Table conventional and escaped Sectors? dispersion of non?Agriculture workers (%) Sector 2007-08 2008-09 Total male female total male female Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Formal 27. 2 27. 2 27. 4 26. 7 26. 6 27. 6 Informal 72. 8 72. 2 72. 6 73. 3 73. 4 72. 4 Rural 100 100 100 100 100 100 Formal 24. 9 25. 9 23. 2 23. 8 24 22. 2 Informal 75. 1 74. 1 76. 8 76. 2 76 77. 8 urban 100 100 100 100 100 100 formal 29. 5 29. 2 29. 4 29. 4 29. 1 32. 8 Informal 70. 5 70. 8 70. 6 70. 9 70. 9 67. 2 Source Labour Force Survey 2008? 09 Federal Bureau of Statistic Interpretations Large amount of in formalization is evident both in boorish as well as non-agriethnical sectors * In formalization is rising and that it is to a greater extent pronounced in rural than urban areas. * According to gender, males are shifting from the formal sector so are females. d. Environmental Segment Interpretations * Pakistan is at high peril of climatic vulnerability which results in good floods in the country and poses threat to agricultural sector 2. 2. INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS *Map whitethorn not be accurate or to home . It is a mere representation Gilgit-Baltistan formerly cognize as the Northern Areas is the northernmost p olitical entity within Pakistan. Gilgit-Baltistan covers an area of 72,971 km? (28,174 mi? ) and is exceedingly mountainous . It has an estimated population come on 1,000,000.Its administrative center is the city of Gilgit (population 216,760) Gilgit Baltistan is administratively divided into two divisions which, in turn, are divided into seven districts Division regularise Area (km? ) Population (1998) Headquarters Baltistan Ghanche 9,four hundred 88,366 Khaplu Skardu 18,000 214,848 Skardu Gilgit Gilgit 39,300 383,324 Gilgit Diamir 10,936 131,925 Chilas Ghizar 9,635 120,218 Gahkuch Astore 8,657 71,666 Gorikot Hunza-Nagar Aliabad, Sikandarabad Gilgit-Baltistan totals 7 districts 72,971 970,347 Gilgit DEMOGRAPHICS OF GILGIT BALTISTAN * Population statistics for the look into are ground on the Gilgit Population Censes carried out in 1998, according to which total population of Gilgit is approximately, 0. million * 85% of the total population lives in rural areas. * Gi lgit Baltistan is traditionally male dominated, with women working primarily in the home or in agriculture. * Average household size is approximately eight people. Characteristics Gilgit Baltistan National Per capita Income US $350 US $1046 Literacy rate 38% 56% Population Doctor Ratio 14100 11183 Maternal Mortality swan 600/myriad0 272/100000 Total mellowness Rate 4. 6 children per woman 3 children per woman * The study reveals that the age structure of the population was typical of a edict with a youthful population * . t shows a pyramidal age structure due to a large number of children less than 15 years of age * 52% of the population is in age group of 15-64 * Less than 4%were over 65 years of age. * About half of the total women population was in the generative age group15-49 years. This is a major causal agency for population growth. * education turned out to be an important factor influencing several(prenominal)s attitude and approach on various aspects of life. Majority(77%) of married women in Gilgit Baltistan are not educated, * Despite this it is encouraging to line of credit that a significant proportion (39%)of the women is engaged in gainful employment. CURRENT fecundity ASFR Urban Rural All Areas 5-19 44. 5 66. 2 58. 2 20-24 171. 7 219. 2 201. 1 25-29 245. 7 279. 5 267. 1 30-34 181. 1 218. 2 204. 7 35-39 73. 2 143. 1 119. 4 (NIPS Quarterly newssheet issue no 9, march 2010) * Total fertility rate in Gilgit Baltistan is 4. 6 children per woman,whereas fertility rate in rural (5. 1 children per woman) is higher as compared to urban areas( 3. 8 children per woman). Education level is the most conspicuous differentials in fertility. EDUCATION sector SUMMARY We have selected the educational manufacture and analysis is as follows Legend sizing of exertion Statistical Summary of Education Sector of Gilgit-Baltistan InstitutionsDistrict Primary tutors core Schools advanced Schools Colleges Boys Girls Co-Edu Total Boys Gi rls Co-Edu Total Boys Girls Co-Edu Total Boys Girls Co-Edu Total Gilgit 58 50 119 227 35 21 9 65 27 20 0 47 4 2 0 6 Ghizer 44 17 118 179 7 3 8 18 13 1 3 17 1 1 0 2 Diamer 128 18 25 171 21 0 0 21 8 1 0 9 1 0 0 1 Astore 46 21 49 116 19 11 0 30 13 2 1 16 1 0 0 1 Skardu 187 86 118 391 50 21 7 78 20 9 3 32 3 1 0 4 Ganche 57 30 112 199 17 11 4 32 20 3 1 24 1 0 0 1 Estimate * In Pakistan especially in Gilgat Balistan have very warlike environment of educational industry. * Many of system of rules and NGOs are working on this industry.Legend Industry growth Estimate * In Gilgat Balistan have chance for growth in educational industry. * Below 6 year education school are not usable in Gilgat Balistan. Legend Employment growth instructors District Primary Schools Middle Schools blue Schools Colleges Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Gilgit 302 432 734 252 225 477 348 127 475 87 38 one hundred twenty-five 989 822 181 1 Ghizer 226 245 471 122 15 137 156 10 166 15 0 15 519 270 789 Diamer 273 37 310 168 0 168 96 11 107 21 0 21 558 48 606 Astore 192 74 266 13 44 157 112 7 119 15 0 15 432 125 557 Skardu 564 385 949 239 99 338 108 24 132 38 22 60 949 530 1479 Ganche 252 148 400 155 44 199 244 21 265 15 0 15 666 213 879 Total 1809 1321 3130 1049 427 1476 1064 200 1264 191 60 251 4113 2008 6121 Emerging lines in an Industry Trend Trend Nature Description 1 Level of education 2 ask for best teacher 3 4 Educational Statistics Gilgit-Baltistan Important information / Statistics Regarding the Education Sector of Gilgit-Baltistan Literacy Rate family Male Female Both 1981 24% 3% 15% 1998 53% 22% 33% 2008 (Projected) 57% 27% 43% instructor Student Ratio Level Institutions tenet Staff enrollment Student instructor Ratio Govt.Schools 1672 5870 151508 126 Govt. Colleges 15 251 6233 125 Total 1687 6121 157741 126 District Wise equivalence (Government Vs hush-hush) District Governmen t Private Institutions Enrollment Institutions Enrollment Gilgit 345 43188 160 21070 Ghizer 216 18458 146 23303 Diamer 202 16457 11 1213 Astore 163 12610 29 2729 Skardu 505 44588 116 18575 Ganche 256 22440 70 6882 Total 1687 157741 532 73772 % age Govt. Vs Private 76% 68% 24% 32% 1) Threats of New Entrants Threats in education sector * Poverty live of education * junior-grade enrolment and high dropout * Gender inequities omit of availability of well-resourced educational institutions * geographicalal and cultural constraints * Lack of awareness about set of education * Reluctance of teachers to serve in hard areas * Lack of special education institutions Threats of New Entrants Analysis Barriers to Entry Economies of scurf produce Differentiation Capital indispensability Switching comprise Access to scattering Channel woo disadvantages independent of scale Government Policy Interpretation * 73% has access to Primary Education * 27% are out of Schools age 5-9 old age * Dropout Rate is 9% at primary level * Projected literacy rate (64 Male, 38 Female )overall 51% * Student teacher Ratio 1 23 5-9 old age Population( 92554 Male, 85942 Female) Total 178496 * 5-9 Years Enrolment ( 74638 Male, 55166 Female) Total 129804 * Children attending primary schools in Gilgit-Baltistan in 2009-10 is 73% where as 81% Boys and 64% Girls. 2) talk terms power of Buyer 3) Bargaining power of Supplier 4) Intensity of disputation among rivals Intensity of rivalry among competitors Analysis legion(predicate) or Equally fitd Balance Competitors Fast Industry Growth High /low doctor or store Cost Lack of Differentiation or Low Switching cost High Strategic Stakes High vent away Barriers 2. 3. C OMPETITOR E NVIRONMENT A NALYSISCompetitor shout Size of Competitor Specialization harvest-tide line categories Shining Star mediocre vocational training and middle school , vocational expert round Mehnaz Fatima large montessori and special edu cation, montessori trained Mountain School Small montessori middle school, trained round ECDC KU Small early childhood developmental center, montessori experienced teachers APS Large RESULTS FROM INTERNAL EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 2. 1. RESOURCES T O B UILD Intangible Resources HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCE * Marketing Research experts to conduct research for launching new software package products for small and medium size segments * Accountants call for to stimulate fees from parents ORGANIZATIONALRESOURCE * Management resources essential to formulate organizational structure * SOP for school sidereal day to day business operations for creating exceptional value to parents or customers Access to the promotional Platform * PR department to urinate that requires people have exceptional PR with the exhibiting authorities, print and electronic media for promoting products on promotional channel Tangible Resources Additional Financial Resources * Additional financial resources re quired with working capital requirement either from borrowing or investment from investor 2. 1. S. W. O. T ANALYSIS 2. 1. Strengths * Low student-teacher ratio * English as a medium of instruction * inexpensive to income group Accessible location for Pakistan make workers children * Well-trained and qualified instruct staff * Up-to-date and extensive class * Well maintained order and sketch * Environment conducive to joyful learning * Adequate security measures * Availability of becoming and modern facilities * Contribution to societal development * Weakness * Time required for gaining credit in the society * Higher term of a contract cost for accessible locations * Insufficient area for playing fields to practice sports much(prenominal) as cricket, hockey etc. * Opportunities * overall increase in demand, linked with the growing population. * Government incentives and policies conducive for semiprivate investment in * education sector chap between number of school going age children and actual enrolments in schools * festering general public awareness (especially in urban areas) about * importance of theatrical graphic symbol education * expressage access to affordable, quality education. * Minimal budget allocation by government to education sector * Limited number of government/public schools * pitiable facilities in government schools * Threats * New entrants can easily share the business * bar in retaining qualified teachers * Revival of public/government schools in the future finished effective * Government policies and regulations. Company nurture 4. 1 Company callGlowing Pearl Education Center (GPEC) 4. 2 Company logo cause 4. 3 Company Vision The early Child Hood Development stub will provide a broad, holistic early childhood education that follows the highest world(prenominal) standards of excellence. The Centres curriculum will be taught by competent early Childhood educators, is knowing to help lay strong foundations for a ch ilds continuing education and growth 4. 4 Company Mission Our mission is to develop young men with active and productive minds, a sense of understanding and mildness for others, and the courage to act on their beliefs. We focussing the total development of each child spiritual, moral, ntellectual, social, emotional, and physical . Each child is an man-to-man that all children are inventive that all children need to succeed. on that pointfore, School respects the individual needs of children fosters a caring and creative environment and emphasizes the social, emotional, physical, intellectual development of each child. To provide a safe, caring, therapeutic environment where students with psychiatric, educational, and social challenges can best develop the skills and character necessary to rejoin their communities with success. The school will design programs and learning experiences that promote academic achievement and the personal and social growth of every student.As a pro fusely diverse community of learners that values all its Members School will provide a safe and productive learning environment in which students can communicate effectively, hypothesise critically, solve problems and are technologically literate through a variety of curricular and extra-curricular activities. Through a challenging score of study with high standards, students will become obligated learners who can not only work collaboratively, but also be accountable for their own academic and developmental progress. 4. 5 Short term Objectives Year Objectives April 2012- July 2012 * Advertising campaign at first level to introduce our smirch GPEC (Glowing osseous tissue educational center), your child glow as pearl in all among children. Aug 2012- Nov 2012 * By using current resources will work school * Hiring of helping staff which are trained as Montessori trainer. 4. 6 languish term Objectives Year Objectives descent 2012- Dec 2015 * We would get 50% education market s hare in 3 years * More than 50% people of Gilgat Balistan should be aware of our brand GPEC. in 3 years * 50% people of Gilgat Balistan should be preference to our brand GPEC. in 3 years * We should at least 2 campus (one in Gilgat and other in Diyamer) of our brand GPEC to become market leader in 3 years Jan 2016- Jan 2018 * We would at large(p) more(prenominal) than campus other than Gilgat, we target the Khyber pakhtoon khowan which have more close nvironment and people life mood etc * At least 5 campuses open in Khyber pakhtoon khowan during next 3 years. 4. 7 Partner Profile Muniba Islam Expertise academic Qualification works fix working Experience History Najum-us-Sehar Expertise schoolman Qualification workings Experience Working Experience History Kanwal Gill Expertise Academic Qualification Working Experience Working Experience History contrast LEVEL STRATEGY 5. 1 Competitor product Detailed Analysis the product feature analysis before conducting the comply Features Competitor 1 Competitor 1 Substitute product Our product 5. 2 Survey Questionnaire SummaryThe survey is conducted among 100 peoples nearly 73% Around 47% 67% of 33% of businesses uses reputation based system 26% using SMS 7% of 20% CHARTS GRAPH MARKETING STRATEGY * Market Segmentation Segmentation Variable a) Geographic City b) Demographic working Woman, Income * There are two broad market-positioning options obtainable to a Montessori School Based on the household income the target market will be middle income group. * Based on the target markets preference, the school will provide quality education at an affordable fee. * Irrespective of the education services, income based target market will play a crucial role in the overall positioning of the school. each entrepreneur designning to open up a Montessori school should first subside upon the objective of the venture. Various options available in this regard may admit * To plan a Montessori school with emphasis on Daycare services. * To establish a school as a Preparatory School for other reputed Primary Level Schools. * To establish a Montessori School with incremental expansion of services into primary and high school level. * Based on income level, the school can position itself for any of the by-line leash broad income groups THE HIGH INCOME throng The speeding income group segment is quality and reputation conscious. Most parents of the children enrolled in these schools belong to the different section of the society i. e. elf-employed businessmen, high paid government or private sector executives. Existing schools in the crime syndicate hit a fee ranging from Rs. 5,00010,000 per month. These schools are characterized by large custom built campuses, smooth pools, indoor(a) as well as outdoor physical activities areas, and furnished spacious classrooms with heaters and air conditioners. These schools offer well designed modern course work, and employ highly trained Montessori teachers. MIDDLE CLASS INCOME GROUP Schools in this category normally surge a fee ranging from Rs. 1,500-5,000 per month. These schools cater to children of learned and professionally employed parents.The important characteristics of these schools include well located school buildings that may be custom built or rented premises, modern course work adopted by other modern school systems, and comfortable class rooms with some provisions for playing area. LOW INCOME GROUP The concept of Montessori education is not very old in this income bracket as yet an increasing number of parents in this category have also now started displace their children to these schools. One of the major reasons is that most of the private schools at primary level now do not accept students instantaneously in Class 1. This category of schools charges a monthly fee up to Rs. ,500. These schools have small buildings with little or no provisions for physical activities. KEY advantage FACTOR At a Montessori school level, teachers/ legal tenders play a critical role in the success of learning process. Therefore, it is suggested that staff employed by the school should be highly educated and properly trained for Montessori education. Before starting education services, it is recommended that teacher training program should be imparted. In addition to the quality of teachers employed, the teacher student ratio should be kept at a well-researched optimum level. The education curriculum should be well researched and comprehensive.In addition to paper course work, it is suggested that visual and other teaching tools should also be optimally used. Parents are conscious about the well macrocosm and safety of their children at schools, therefore, it is suggested that the school environment construes security and should be free from any apparent hazards. The school should preferably not be located in a highly populated location or at a location with high traff ic hazards. The area of the classrooms should be in line with the number of students in each classroom. Moreover, the classrooms should either be air-conditioned or at least well ventilated. Classrooms should also be well equipped with teaching as well as extramarital body process aids.Adequate provisions for physical, either indoor or outdoor or both facilities should be made available. Continuous teacher parent interaction should also be a regular feature of the school education system. Formal registration is required for the setup of new Montessori and elementary schools 6. 2 Market Targeting a) City Variable b) Working Woman REGULATIONS Formal registration is required for the setup of new Montessori and elementary schools with the decision maker District Officer (EDO) Education. The application is to be submitted on a prescribed form which can be obtained from the department on with Rs. 5,000 registration fee and Rs. 500 yearly subscription.Domestic rates apply on the utilit y program bills if an institution is registered with the department. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGMENT position number Monthly salary yearly salary Principal 1 20,000 240,000 teacher coordinator 1 12,000 receipts,000 activeness teacher 1 10,000 120,000 Computer teacher 1 12,000 144,000 instructor play ground 6 10,000 720,000 instructor KG1 3 10,000 360,000 Teacher KG2 2 10,000 240,000 Class1 1 10,000 120,000 Class2 1 10,000 120,000 Game teacher 1 12,000 144,000 Accountant 1 12,000 144,000 Student attendant 5 10,000 600,000 Guard 2 8,000 192,000 hacker 1 7,000 84,000 cleaner 2 7,000 168,000 PrincipalThe capitulum should be responsible for coordinating all the activities of the school including the hiring of teachers, growth liaison with the parents, maintaining and developing the brand name of the school for attach positioning, course design, admission tests and extracurricular activities. Teachers coordinator An experienced and trained Montessori school teacher is recommended for thi s post . The Coordinator would be assisting the lead story in all school matters. He/she will be responsible for teachers attendance, their action and evaluation. He/she has to collaborate with students, parents, staff and volunteers to ensure that group activities run effectively. Supervise and monitor the tutoring of students. Coordinate any special projects to increase coaching awareness among teachers including arranging customer speakers, visits and workshops. AccountantThe accountant will be responsible for book keeping and maintaining accounts, salaries, and other administrative expenditures. Teachers Experienced teachers or fresh graduates with a natural aptitude for teaching should be employed. A balanced mix of experienced and fresh teachers is recommended for efficient running of the school. Each teacher shall be given a class and held responsible for proper training, tell knowledge, arranging co-curricular activities for the children and their performances in the ex aminations. Student Attendants The students in the elementary institutes are very young and may also need attendants or baby-sitters. One attendant will be requiring for every two classes. Librarian / Activity TeacherOne person is recommended for running the library and for activity room. Computer Teacher The person should be responsible for the introduction of information engine room to the young students and for proper arrangement of students games and radical computer learning. EQUIPMENT REQUIRMENT The details of the different equipment required for the project is given in the following table. EQUIPMENT QUALITY COST PER UNIT occur COST Computers 3 25000 75000 PRINTERS 1 10000 10000 AIR CONDITIONS 3 40000 160000 autotype MACHINE 4 12000 12000 TELEPHONE enclothe 1 10000 4000 UPS 4 7500 22500 TOTAL EQUIPMENT 16 283,500 LAND AND BUILDING field of battle REQUIRMENTFor three hundred (300) students, 2. 5 canals of drink down comprising double story building would be sufficient. A purpose built building may also be purchased. The cover area should have 13 classrooms, one common room for teachers, one room for principal, one for teacher coordinator and one room for the administration staff. Appropriate numbers of washrooms are suggested for teachers, principal, children and administration staff. A big hall should be allocated with proper divisions for library/ sport room, and tools. Space Requirements REQUIRED AREA Class Rooms 6000 Teachers Staff Room 144 Library/Entertainment Room 500 Admin Rooms 575 Computer Class 400Washrooms Kitchen 270 Grounds 6961 Total Covered Area Requirement 14850 Market Segmentation and Targeting in writing(p) Representation . 6. 3 Positioning experience Map 6. 4 Product Product Information 6. 4. 1 Product Name We offer two different type of product of three different segments which are 1. Child care system which target only one segment which are a. Children Age between 0- 1. 5 years 2. Education development system which targe t on two segments which are b. Children Age between 1. 5- 3. 5 years c. Children Age between 3. 5- 6. 5 years 6. 4. 2 Product Features 6. 5 expense Fixed cost = Rs. Variable cost = Rs. ariable Cost= 0 ( As once software is developed there is no additive overhead involved in licensing the software) No licenses to be issued=70 Cost Per License Per Year= 764,700 /70= Rs 10,924. 29 Cost Per License Per Month=10,924. 29/12= Rs. 910. 36 Markup Profit Percentage = 10% Profit= 910. 36 * 10% =91. 04 Price Will be Charged= Cost Per License Per Month+ Profit=910. 36 + 91. 04=Rs. 1,001. 4 (approx. 6. 6 Promotional dodge Promotion type Detail Advertisements in newspapers Company website Facebook 6. 7 Distribution schema ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Glowing Pearl Education Center organizational graph CVS appendage I FOR QUESTION Appendix II FOR Budgeting